Dental splints, also known as occlusal splints, night guards, or bite guards, are removable devices made from acrylic or plastic materials that are commonly used to treat issues such as bruxism (teeth grinding), temporomandibular disorders (TMD), or as part of orthodontic or oral rehabilitation treatments. Since they are in prolonged contact with saliva, bacteria, and food debris, it is essential to follow a proper care and cleaning routine to ensure their effectiveness, durability, and to prevent oral health problems.
Importance of Proper Care
Proper care of dental splints offers multiple benefits:
- Prevents the buildup of bacteria that can cause bad breath, infections, or gum disease.
- Avoids the appearance of stains, tartar, or discoloration on the device.
- Extends the lifespan of the splint, which can deteriorate if not kept clean and dry.
- Ensures clinical effectiveness, maintaining its shape and function.
Types of Dental Splints and Their Specific Care
There are different types of dental splints, and although many cleaning recommendations are shared, some require specific care:
- Rigid acrylic splints (for bruxism or TMD): Durable and easy to clean with gentle brushing and appropriate products.
- Soft or thermoplastic splints: More comfortable but more likely to absorb odors or deform. Should not be exposed to high temperatures.
- Orthodontic splints or retainers: Used after orthodontic treatment, require constant maintenance to prevent plaque buildup.
Daily Cleaning Routine
Clean after each use (in the morning, if used at night):
- Rinse with cold or lukewarm water (never hot): Hot water can deform soft splints.
- Gentle brushing with a designated brush (not your regular toothbrush): Use a brush with soft bristles.
- Avoid regular toothpaste: It contains abrasives that can scratch the splint and promote plaque buildup. Instead, use:
- Neutral soap
- Specific cleaners for dentures or splints
- Rinse thoroughly and dry completely: Moisture promotes the growth of fungi and bacteria.
Weekly Deep Cleaning
Once a week, a deep cleaning is recommended to eliminate bacteria and possible stains. You can use:
Option 1: Effervescent cleaning tablets
- Dissolve in water and soak the splint for the indicated time (usually 5 to 15 minutes).
- Then, brush and rinse.
Option 2: Homemade solutions
- White vinegar and water (1:1 ratio): Soak for 15–30 minutes, then brush and rinse thoroughly.
- Baking soda and water: Acts as a mild disinfectant and helps eliminate odors.
Important: Do not mix different chemicals or use bleach, alcohol, or mouthwash with high alcohol content, as they can damage the splint material.
Proper Storage
After cleaning and drying the splint:
- Store it in a ventilated case: The container should have holes to allow air circulation.
- Avoid leaving it in the sun or heat (e.g., inside a car).
- Do not wrap it in tissues or napkins: It could be accidentally thrown away.
- Clean the case frequently, at least once a week, with soap and water or a mild disinfectant.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Using abrasive toothpaste or hard brushes.
- Boiling the splint or using hot water.
- Leaving the splint wet and sealed without ventilation.
- Storing it in unclean or unprotected places.
- Not cleaning it for several consecutive days.
Signs That the Splint Needs Replacement or Review
Although splints are designed to last several months or even years (depending on use and material), visit your dentist if you notice:
- Cracks, breaks, or deformation.
- Persistent bad odor despite cleaning.
- Color changes (yellowish or whitish).
- Pain or discomfort when wearing it (it may be deformed).
- Looseness or poor fit.
The dentist can determine whether the splint needs to be adjusted or replaced.
Additional Recommendations
- Wash your hands thoroughly before and after handling the splint.
- Do not share your splint with anyone, even if it looks clean.
- Do not eat or drink with the splint in, unless your dentist advises otherwise.
- Bring the splint to your dental check-ups so the professional can examine it.
Professional Maintenance
If the splint shows tartar buildup or stains that cannot be removed with home cleaning, the dentist can perform a professional cleaning using ultrasound. Do not attempt to scrape it yourself, as you could irreversibly damage it.
Conclusion
Proper care of your dental splint is essential for your oral health and to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment. Incorporating a daily cleaning routine, along with weekly deep cleaning, proper storage, and regular dental check-ups, will help keep your splint in optimal condition for longer. Always follow your dentist’s recommendations, as there may be specific guidelines depending on your splint type and dental condition.
